36.BAR GRAPHS
----------------------------------------------------
this
section comprises of questions in which the data collected in a particular
discipline are represented in the form of vertical or horizontal bars drawn by
selecting a particular scale.one of the parameters is plotted on the horizontal axis and the other on the
vertical axis . the candidate is
required to understand the given
information and thereafetr answer the
given questions on the basis of data analysis.
1.The bar
graph given below shows the foreign
exchange reserves of a country
(in million us$)
from 1991-92
to 1998-99 .answer the questions based
on this
graph.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
RESERVES OF A COUNTRY
(IN
MILLION US $)
1.The
foreign exchange reserves in 1997-98 was how ,any times that in 1994-95?
(a)0.7 (b) 1.2 (c) 1.4 (d) 1.5 (e) 1.8
2.what was
the percentage increase in the foreign exchange reserves in 1997-98 over
1993-94?
(a)100 (b)150 (c)200 (d)620 (e)2520
3.for which
year,the percent increase of foreign exchange reserves over the previous
year,is the highest?
(a)1992-93 (b)1993-94 (c)1994-95 (d)1996-97 (e)1997-98
4.the
foreign exchange reserves in 1996-97 werw approximately what percent of the
average foreign exchange reserves over the period under review?
(a)95% (b)110% (c)115% (d)125% (e)140%
5.the ratio
of the number of years,in which the
foreign exchange reserves are above the average reserves ,to those in which the
reserves are below the average reserves is :
(a)2:6 (b)3:4 (c)3:5 (d)4:4
(e)5:3
Solutions
1 (d) : required ratio =
5040/3360 = 1.5
2
(a) : foreign exchange reserve in 1997-98=5040 million us $
foreign exchange reserves in
1993-94=2520 million us$
therefore increase=(5040-2520)=2520 million us $
therefore percentage increase=((2520/2520)*100)%=100%
3(a): there is an increase in foreign exchange reserves
during the years 1992-
93,1994-951996-97,1997-98 as compared to previous year (as shown by bar
graph)
the
percentage increase in reserves during
these years compared to previous year are
(1) for 1992-93 =[(3720-2640)/2640*100]% =40.91%
(2) for 1994-95=[(3360-2520)/2520*100]%=33.33%
(3) for 1996-97=[(4320-3120)/3120*100]%=38.46%
(4) for 1997-98=[(5040-4320)/4320*100]%=16.67%
Clearly, the percentage
increase over previous year is highest for 1992-93.
4. (d) :
Average foreign exchange reserves over the given period
= [_x (2640 + 3720 +
2520 + 3360 + 3120 + 4320 + 5040 + 3120) ] million US $
= 3480 million US $.
Foreign
exchange reserves in 1996-97 = 4320 million US $. . .
Required
Percentage = x 100 % = 124.14% .. 125%.
3480
.
5. (c) :
Average foreign exchange reserves over the given period = 3480 million US $.
The country had
reserves above 3480 million US $ during the years 199293, 1996-97 and 1997-98 i.e.,
for 3 years and below 3480 million US $ during the years 1991-92, 1993-94,
1994-95, 1995-96 and 1998-99 i.e., for 5 years.
Hence,
required ratio = 3 : 5.
2. The bar-graph provided on next page gives the sales of books (in thousand numbers) from six branches of a publishing company during two consecutive years 2000 and 2001.
Answer the questions based on this bar-graph
Sales of books (in thousand
numbers) from six branches-B1,B2,B3,B4,B5 and B6 of a publishing company in
2000 and 2001
1.total sales of branches b1,b3 and b5 together for both the years (in thousand numbers) is:
(a)250
(b) 310 (c)
435 (d)560 (e)585
2.total sales of branch b6 for both the
years is what percent of the total sales of branch b3 for both the years?
(a)
68.54% (b)71.11% (c) 73.17% (d)75.55% (e)77.26%
3.what
is the average sale of all the branches (in thousand numbers) for the year
2000?
(a)73 (b)80 (c)83 (d)88 (e)96
4.what is the ratio of the total sales of
branch b2 for both years to the total sales of branch b4 for both years ?
(a)2:3 (b)3:5 (c)4:5 (d)5:7 (e)7:9
5.what percent of the average sales of
branchesn b1,b2 and b3 in 2001 is the average sales of branches b1,b3 and b6 in
2000?
(a)75% (b)77.5% (c)82.5% (d)85% (e)87.5%
SOLN…………………..
1.(d)
total sales of branches B1,B3 and B5 for both the years (in thousand
numbers)=(80+105)+(95+110)+(75+95)=560
2(c)
required percentage=[(70+80)/(95+110)*100]%=(150/205*100)%=73.17%
3(b)average
sales of all the six branches (in thousand numbers ) for the year
2000=1/6*(80+75+95+85+75+70)=80
4(e)
required ratio=(75+65)/(85+95)=140/180=7/9
5(e)average
sales(in thousand numbers of branches B1,B3,and B6 in 2000=
1/3*(80+95+70)=245/3
average sales(in thousand numbers of
branches B1,B2,and B3 in 2001=1/3*(105+65+110)=280/3
therefore required
percentage=[((245/3)/(280/3))*100]%=(245/280*100)%=87.5%
Ex.3.
The bar graph provided below gives
the data of the production of paper (in thousand tonnes) by three
different companies x,y and z over the years .study the graph and answer the
questions that follow
production of paper(in laks
tonnes) by three companys x,yand z over the years
1.What is the difference between the production of the company Z in 1998 and company y in 1996?
a.2
,00,000 tons
b.20,00,000
tons
c.20,000
tons
d.2,00,00,000
tons
e.none
of these
2.what is the ratio of the average
production of company x in the period 1998 to 2000 to the average production of
company y in the same period?
a.1:1
b.15:27
c.23:25
d.27:29
e.none
of these
3.what is the percentage increase in the
production of company y from1996 to 1999?
a.30%
b.45%
c.50%
d.60%
e.75%
4.the avreage production of five years
was maximum for which company?
a.x
b.y
c.z
d.x
& y both
e.x
and z both
5.for which of thw follolwing years
the percentage rise / fall in production
from previous year is the maximum for
company y?
a.1997
b.1998
c.1999
d.2000
e.1997
& 2000
6.in which year was the percentage of
production of company z to the production of company y the maximum?
a.1996
b.1997
c.1998
d.1999
e.2000
Sol:
1(b):required difference =
[(45-25)*i,00,000]tons=20,00,000 tons
2(c):average
production of company x in the period 1998-2000=[1/3*(25+50+40)]=(115/3) lakh
tons
average
production of company y in the period 1998-2000
[1/3*(35+40+50)]=(125/3)
lakh tons
therefore
req ratio=(115/3)/(125/3)=115/125=23/25
3(d):percentage
increase in the production y from 1996-1999=[(40-25)/25*100]%=(15/25*100)%=60%
4(e):average
production (in lakh tons)in five years for the three company’s are:
for
company x=[1/5*(30+45+25+50+40)]=190/5=38
for
company y=[1/5*(25+35+35+40+50)]=185/5=37
for
company z=[1/5*(35+40+45+35+35)]=190/5=38
therefore
the average production of maximum for both the company’s x and z
5(a)
: Percentage change (rise/fall)in the production of Company Y in comparison to
the previous year, for different years are:
For
1997 = [((32-25)/25)*100]%
= 40%
For
1998 = [((35-35)/25)*100]%
= 0%
For
1999 = [((40-35)/35)*100]%
= 14.29%
For
2000 = [((50-40)/40)*100]%
= 25%
Hence,
the maximum percentage rise/fall in the production of company Y is for 1997.
6(a)
: The percentages of production of company z to the production of company z for
various years are:
For
1996 = ((35/25)*100)%=140%; For 1997 = ((40/35)*100)% = 114.29%
For
1998 = ((45/35)*100)%=128.57%; For 1999 = ((35/40)*100)%=87.5%
For
2000 = ((35/50)*100)%=70%
Clearly,
this percentage is highest for 1996.
Ex.4.Outof the two bar graphs
provided below, one shows the amounts (in Lakh Rs) invested by a Company in
purchasing raw materials over the years and the other shows the values(in Lakh Rs.) of finished goods sold by the
Company over the years.
Study
the two bar graphs and answer the questions based on them.
Amount
Invested in Raw Materials and the Value of Sales of Finished Goods for
a
Company over the Years
Amount Invested in Raw
Materials (Rs. in Lakhs
Value of Sales of
Finished Goods(Rs.in Lakhs)
1.Inwhichyear,there
has been a maximum percentage increase in the amount invested inRawMaterials as
compared to the previous year?
(a)1996 (b) 1997 (c) 1998 (d) 1999 (e) 2000
2. Inwhichyear, the percentage change (compared to the previous year) in the investment onRaw Materials is the same as that in the value of sales of finished goods?
(a)1996 (b) 1997 (c) 1998 (d) 1999 (e) 2000
3.Whatwas the difference between the average amount invested in Raw Materials during the given period and the average value of sales of finished goods during this period?
(a)Rs. 62.5 lakhs (b) Rs. 68.5 lakhs (c) Rs. 71.5 lakhs
(d)Rs.77.51akhs (e) Rs. 83.5 lakhs
4.
The value of sales of finished goods in 1999 was approximately what percent of
the average amount invested in Raw Materials in the years 1997,1998 and 1999?
(a) 33% (b)
37% (c) 45% (d) 49% (e) 53%
5.
The maximum difference between the amount invested in Raw Materials and the
value of sales of finished goods was during the year:
(a)
1995 (b) 1996 (c) 1997 (d) 1998 (e) 1999
Sol. 1. (a)
: The percentage increase in the amount invested in raw-materials as compared
to the previous year, for different years are:
For 1996 = [((225-120)/120)*100]%
= 87.5%
For 1997 = [((375-225)/225)*100]%
= 66.67%
For 1998 = [((525-330)/330)*100]%
= 59.09%
For 2000 there is a decrease.
2.(b)The percentage change in the amount invested
in raw-materials and in the value of sales of finished goods for different
years are:
year
|
Percentage change in amount
invested in raw-materials
|
Percentage change in value of
sales of finished goods
|
1996
|
[((225-120)/120)*100]%
= 87.5%
|
[((300-200)/200)*100]%
= 50%
|
1997
|
[((375-225)/225)*100]%
= 66.7%
|
[((500-300)/300)*100]%
= 66.67%
|
1998
|
[((525-330)/330)*100]%
= -12%
|
[((400-500)/500)*100]%
= -20%
|
1999
|
[((525-330)/330)*100]%
= 59.09%
|
[((600-400)/400)*100]%
= 50%
|
2000
|
[((420-525)/525)*100]%
= -20%
|
[((460-600)/600)*100]%
= -23.33%
|
Thus
the percentage difference is same during the year 1997.
3.
(d)
: Required difference = Rs. [(1/6)*(200+300+500+400+600+460)
- (1/6)*(120+225+375+330+525+420)]
lakhs
=
Rs. [(2460/6)-(1995/6)]
lakhs
= Rs.(410-332.5)lakhs = 77.5 lakhs.
4.
(d)
: Required percentage = [(600/(375+300+525))*100]%
= 48.78% »
49%
5.
(c) : The difference between the amount invested in raw-material and the value
of sales of finished goods for various years are :
For 1995 = Rs.(200-120)lakhs = Rs. 80
lakhs
For 1996 = Rs.(200-225)lakhs = Rs. 75
lakhs
For 1997
= Rs. (500-375)lakhs = Rs. 125 lakhs
For 1998
= Rs. (400-330)lakhs = Rs. 70 lakhs.
For 1999 = Rs. (600-525)lakhs = Rs.
75 lakhs
For 2000
= Rs. (460-420)lakhs = Rs. 40 lakhs.
Clearly, maximum difference was during
1997
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXERCISE
37
|
Directions(questions
1 to 5) : study the following bar-graph and answer the questions given below.
Production
of fertilizers by a Company (in 10000 tonnes) over the Years
X axis=years
Y axis=Production (in
10000 tonnes)
1. In how many of the given years was the
production of fertilizers more than the
average production of the given years?
(a)1 (b)2 (c)3 (d)4 (e)5
2. The average production of 1996 and 1997 was
exactly equal to the average production of which of the following pairs of
years?
(a)2000 and 2001 (b)1999 and 2000 (c)1998 and 2000 (d)1995 and 1999 (e)1995 and 2001
3.What was the percentage decline in the
production of fertilizers from 1997
to 1998?
(a)
331/3% (b)
30% (c) 25% (d) 21% (e) 20%
4.In which year the percentage
increase in production as compared to the previous year the maximum?
(a) 2002 (b) 2001 (c) 1999 (d) 1997 (e) 1996
