Chapter-1 Basics of Information Technology

CLASS X

Chapter-1 Basics of Information Technology

Question: What is Internet?

Answer: The Internet is a large group of computers that are connected to each other. The Internet is used to send information quickly between computers around the world. It has millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks and websites, which together carry many different kinds of information (facts and details) and services. The Internet was developed in the United States by the (DARPA). It was first connected in October, 1969.

Question: DARPA, URLs, HTTP, IP Stands for?

·         Answer: DARPA Stands for “Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency”.

·         URLs stands for “Uniform Resource Locator”

·         HTTP stands for “Hyper Text Transfer Protocol”.

·         IP stands for “Internet Protocol”.

Question: What is WWW?

Answer: The World Wide Web (www, W3) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by URIs, interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet. It has become known simply as the Web. The World Wide Web (WWW) was created in 1990 by the British CERN physicist Tim Berners-Lee 
.

Question: What is Web Server?

Answer: Web servers are computers that deliver Web pages. Every Web server has an IP address and possibly a domain name. The primary function of a web server is to store, process and deliver web pages to clients.

Question: What is website?

Answer: A  site (location) on the World Wide Web. Each Web site contains a home page, which is the first document users see when they enter the site. The site might also contain additional documents and files. Each site is owned and managed by an individual, company or organization.

Question: What are web pages?

Answer: A web browser displays a web page on a monitor or mobile device. The web page is what displays, but the term also refers to a computer file, usually written in HTML or comparable markup language.

Question: What is Web Browser?

Answer: A browser is a software application used to locate, retrieve and display content on the World Wide Web, including Web pages, images, video and other files.

Question: What is newsgroups?

Answer: A newsgroup is a discussion about a particular subject consisting of notes written to a central Internet site and redistributed through Usenet, a worldwide network of news discussion groups. Usenet uses the Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP).

Question: What is HTML?

Answer: Hyper Text Markup Language, commonly referred to as HTML, is the standard markup language used to create web pages. Web browsers can read HTML files and render them into visible or audible web pages. HTML describes the structure of a website semantically along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language, rather than a programming language.

Question: What is Web Address?

Answer: A Web address, or domain name, is an address where you can be found online.

Question: What is E-Mail Address?

Answer: An email address identifies an email box to which email messages are delivered.

Question: What is URL?

Answer: URL is an acronym for Uniform Resource Locator and is a reference (an address) to a resource on the Internet.

Question: What is HTTP?

Answer: The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. Hypertext is structured text that uses logical links (hyperlinks) between nodes containing text.

Question: What are the services available on Internet?

Answer:  Services are:-

• Exchange electronic mail to any Internet user in any location on the planet.
• Participate in off-line discussions via e-mail with people with similar interests through 'mailing lists' and 'News Groups'.
• Participate live  in a conversation with another person via the 'Internet video phone or audio-video conferencing between multiple people using a specially designed computer programs and equipment.
• Participate in on-line written discussion with a larger group of people who use the 'Internet Relay Chat' (IRC) service - chat rooms.
• To work on a remote computer using the 'Telnet' service or some per function quite the same.
• Take files of any type from remote computers and deliver files  them with an FTP  service.
• Reading complex documents using 'hypertext'. Clicking on a keyword or image on the screen the user is automatically goes to other facilities within the same or other domains.
• Read multimedia documents found on WWW (World Wide Web) that contain text, graphics, sound, and video using intelligent browser web presentation, as 'Google Chrome', 'Firefox' or 'Internet Explorer' program support.
• Learning and practicing for the exam and achieve appropriate certification.
• Search the Web, documents, various WWW sites or via dedicated international service, as 'Google' and 'Yahoo!', over subscribed keywords to find the desired documents.
• Publicly disclose their images or pictures of his grandchildren, and who wants to can publish a picture of mother in law.
• Advertise your business in a variety of ways, from setting up video clips to the creation of their own website.
• Paying bills through the 'Internet Banking'.
• Buy and spend money :-), advertise and offer for sale.
• Read web editions of newspapers or say 'IT Alphabet'.
• Play simple games

Question: What is Information Retrieval?

Answer: Information retrieval (IR) is the activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources.

Question: What is locating sites using search engines?

Answer: Search engines on the World Wide Web are remotely accessible programs that let you do keyword searches for information on the Internet. There are several types of search engines and searches may cover titles of documents, URL's, headers, or full text. Keep in mind that the results you get from one search engine may not match the results you get from another search engine. In fact, they are often different due to the way each search engine behaves. Therefore, it may actually be beneficial to use more than one search engine on a regular basis.

Question: What is FTP?

Answer: The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to transfer computer files from one host to another host over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet. FTP is built on a client-server architecture and uses separate control and data connections between the client and the server.

Question: What are the web services?

Answer: 

Chat:   Real-time communication between two users via computer. Once a chat has been initiated, either user can enter text by typing on the keyboard and the entered text will appear on the other user's monitor. Most networks and online services offer a chat feature.

E-Mail: Messages distributed by electronic means from one computer user to one or more recipients via a network.

Video Conferencing: Videoconferencing (VC) is the conduct of a video conference (also known as a video conference or video teleconference) by a set of telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to communicate by simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions.

E-Learning: learning conducted via electronic media, typically on the Internet.

E-Banking: A method of banking in which the customer conducts transactions electronically via the Internet.

E-Shoping: Online shopping (sometimes known as e-tail from "electronic retail" or e-shopping) is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser.

E-reservation: E-booking or eBooking means making a reservation or appointment for a service via the internet. The term may also refer to: E-Booking (UK government project)

Social Networking: The use of dedicated websites and applications to interact with other users, or to find people with similar interests to one's own.