CLASS X
CHAPTER-2
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Question:
What is Communication Technology?
Answer:
Communication is the transfer of information and some means of ensuring that
what is sent is also received. Technology increases the ways in which
information can be communicated, the speed of transmission, and the total
volume that can be handled at any one time.
Question: What is Computer Network?
Answer: A computer network is a group of
computer systems and other computing hardware devices that are linked together
through communication channels to facilitate communication and resource-sharing
among a wide range of users.
Question: What is the need of computer network?
Answer: The following are the important uses
and benefits of a computer network.
1.
File
Sharing: Networking of computers helps the network users to
share data files.
2.
Hardware sharing: Users can share
devices such as printers, scanners, CD-ROM drives, hard drives etc. Without
computer networks, device sharing is not possible.
3.
Application sharing: Applications
can be shared over the network, and this allows to implement client/server
applications
4.
User Communication: Networks allow
users to communicate using e-mail, newsgroups, and video conferencing etc.
5.
Network gaming: A lot of network games
are available, which allow multi-users to play from different locations.
6.
Voice over IP (VoIP): Voice over
Internet Protocol (IP) is a revolutionary change in telecommunication which
allows to send telephone calls (voice data) using standard Internet Protocol
(IP) rather than by traditional PSTN.
Question: What are the types of Computer Network?
Answer: Types
of computer network are:
1.
Personal Area Network: PAN, is a computer network organized around an
individual person within a single building. This could be inside a small office
or residence.
2.
Local Area Network: LAN consists of a
computer network at a single site, typically an individual office building. A
LAN is very useful for sharing resources, such as data storage and printers.
3.
Metropolitan Area Network: MAN, consists
of a computer network across an entire city, college campus or small region. A
MAN is larger than a LAN, which is typically limited to a single building or
site.
4.
Wide
Area Network: WAN, occupies a very large area, such
as an entire country or the entire world. A WAN can contain multiple smaller
networks, such as LANs or MANs. The Internet is the best-known example of a
public WAN.
Question: What is Modem?
Answer: Modem stands for Modulator-Demodulator.
A modem is a device or program
that enables a computer to transmit data
over, for example, telephone or cable lines. Computer information is stored
digitally, whereas information transmitted
over telephone lines is transmitted in the form of analog
waves.
Question: What is Internal Modem?
Answer: An internal modem is a network device
that is contained on an expansion board that plugs into the motherboard. Unlike
an external modem, an internal modem contains no lights to inform the user of
its current function or changing modem states. Instead, the user must rely on
the software that came with the modem.
Question: What is external Modem?’
Answer: An external modem is a network device
that is in a self-contained enclosure external to a computer. This is in
contrast to an internal modem that is contained on a printed circuit board with
a computer. External modems have lights indicating various modem functions and
they can easily be moved from one computer system to another. The do, however,
require one COM or USB port to operate.
Question: What are the components of computer network?
Answer: Computer network components are:
1. Servers
- Servers are computers that hold shared files, programs, and the network
operating system.
2. Clients
- Clients are computers that access and use the network and shared network
resources.
3. Transmission
Media - Transmission media are the facilities used to interconnect
computers in a network, such as twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, and optical
fiber cable. Transmission media are sometimes called channels, links or lines.
4. Shared
data - Shared data are data that file servers provide to clients such as
data files, printer access programs and e-mail.
5. Shared
printers and other peripherals - Shared printers and peripherals are
hardware resources provided to the users of the network by servers.
6. Network
Interface Card - Each computer in a network has a special expansion card
called a network interface card (NIC). The NIC prepares(formats) and sends
data, receives data, and controls data flow between the computer and the
network.
7. Local
Operating System - A local operating system allows personal computers to
access files, print to a local printer, and have and use one or more disk and
CD drives that are located on the computer. Examples are MS-DOS, Unix, Linux,
Windows 2000, Windows 98, Windows XP etc.
8. Network
Operating System - The network operating system is a program that runs on
computers and servers, and allows the computers to communicate over the
network.
9. Hub
- Hub is a device that splits a network connection into multiple computers. It
is like a distribution center. When a computer request information from a
network or a specific computer, it sends the request to the hub through a
cable. The hub will receive the request and transmit it to the entire network.
Each computer in the network should then figure out whether the broadcast data
is for them or not.
10. Switch
- Switch is a telecommunication device grouped as one of computer network
components. Switch is like a Hub but built in with advanced features. It uses
physical device addresses in each incoming messages so that it can deliver the
message to the right destination or port.
Question: What are the types of communication medium?
Answer: Two
types of communication medium are:
1. Physical
media: physical media is channels where the person who is talking can be
seen and heard by the audience. The whole point here is to be able to not only
hear the messages but also to see the body language and feel the climate in the
room. In certain situations the receiver expects physical communication. This
is the case especially when dealing with high concern messages, e.g.
organizational change or downsizing. If a message is perceived as important to
the receiver they expect to hear it live from their manager.
- Large meetings, town hall meetings
- Department meetings (weekly meetings)
- Up close and personal (exclusive meetings)
- Video conferences
- Viral communication or word of mouth
2. Mechanical media The second of the two
types of communication medium is mechanical media. With mechanical media we
mean written or electronic channels. These channels can be used as archives for
messages or for giving the big picture and a deeper knowledge. But they can
also be very fast. Typically though, because it is written, it is always
interpret by the reader based on his or her mental condition. Irony or even
humour rarely travels well in mechanical channels.
- Weekly letters or newsletters
- Personal letters
- Billboards
- Intranet
- Magazines or papers
- SMS
- Social media
Question: What is wired
Networking Technology?
Answer: Wired Communication refers to the transmission of data over a wire-based
communication
technology. Examples include telephone
networks, cable television or internet access, and fiber-optic
communication. Also waveguide
(electromagnetism), used for high-power applications, is
considered as wired line.
Question: What is Wireless Network Technology?
Answer: Wireless Networking is
a method by which homes, telecommunications
networks and enterprise (business) installations avoid the
costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection
between various equipment locations. Wireless telecommunications networks are
generally implemented and administered using radio communication.
This implementation takes place at the physical level (layer) of the OSI model network structure. Examples
of wireless networks include cell phone networks, Wi-Fi
local networks and terrestrial microwave networks.
Question: write a short note on Data vs. Information?
Answer:
Data
- The word ‘Data’ is derived from the plural form of Latin word ‘Datum’, which means ‘to give’.
- Originated at mid 17th century.
- Data is a collection of raw facts.
- May or may not be meaningful.
- Input to any system may be treated as Data.
- Understanding is difficult.
- Data must be processed to understand.
- Data may not be in the order.
- Example: Statistics, numbers, characters, images.
Information
- The word ‘Information’ is derived from latin word ‘Informare’, which means ‘to instruct’.
- Originated at late middle time.
- Information is the outcome derived after processing the data.
- Information is always meaningful.
- Output after processing the system is Information.
- Understanding is easy.
- Information is already in understandable form, it may be processed further to make it more understandable.
- Information should be in the order.
- Example Reports, Knowledge.
Question: What is Multimedia and write its element?
Answer: Multimedia refers to content
that uses a combination of different content forms. This contrasts with
media that use only rudimentary computer displays such as text-only or
traditional forms of printed or hand-produced material. Multimedia includes a
combination of text, audio,
still images, animation, video, or interactive content forms.
Its
elements are:
