Question:
What is operating system?
Answer:
An operating system (OS) is system
software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides
common services for computer programs. The operating system is a
component of the system software in a computer system.
Question: What is the need of operating system?
Answer: Your computer's operating system (OS) manages
all of the software and hardware on the computer. Most of the time, there are
many different computer programs running at the same time, and they all need
to access your computer's central processing unit (CPU), memory, and storage.
Question: What is the function of operating system?
Answer: The basic functions of an operating system
are: Booting the computer. Performs basic computer tasks eg managing the
various peripheral devices eg mouse, keyboard. Provides a user interface, e.g.
command line, graphical user interface (GUI).
Question: Define Process management of operating system?
Answer: Process management is an integral part of any
modern-day operating system (OS). The OS must allocate resources to processes,
enable processes to share and exchange information, protect the resources of
each process from other processes and enable synchronization among processes.
To meet these requirements, the OS must maintain a data structure for each
process, which describes the state and resource ownership of that process and
which enables the OS to exert control over each process.
Question:
Define memory management technique of operating system?
Answer:
Memory management is the functionality of an operating system which handles or
manages primary memory. Memory management keeps track of each and every memory
location either it is allocated to some process or it is free. It checks how
much memory is to be allocated to processes. It decides which process will get
memory at what time. It tracks whenever some memory gets freed or unallocated
and correspondingly it updates the status.
Question: Define
file management process in Operating System?
Answer: File access mechanism refers to
the manner in which the records of a file may be accessed. There are several
ways to access files
·
Sequential access
·
Direct/Random access
·
Indexed sequential access
Question: Define
device management in Operating system?
Answer:
Hardware devices typically provide the ability to input data
into the computer or output data from the computer. To
simplify the ability to support a variety of hardware devices, standardized
application programming interfaces (API) are used.
Question: Write
operating system types?
Answer:
Batch operating system
Time-sharing operating systems
Distributed operating System
Network operating System
Real Time operating System
Question: Define
Real time operating system in detail?
Answer: Real Time operating System
Real
time system is defines as a data processing system in which the time interval
required to process and respond to inputs is so small that it controls the
environment. Real time processing is always on line whereas on line system need
not be real time. The time taken by the system to respond to an input and
display of required updated information is termed as response time. So in this
method response time is very less as compared to the online processing.
Real-time
systems are used when there are rigid time requirements on the operation of a
processor or the flow of data and real-time systems can be used as a control
device in a dedicated application. Real-time operating system has well-defined,
fixed time constraints otherwise system will fail.For example Scientific
experiments, medical imaging systems, industrial control systems, weapon
systems, robots, and home-applicance controllers, Air traffic control system
etc.
There
are two types of real-time operating systems.
Hard real-time systems
Hard
real-time systems guarantee that critical tasks complete on time. In hard
real-time systems secondary storage is limited or missing with data stored in
ROM. In these systems virtual memory is almost never found.
Soft real-time systems
Soft
real time systems are less restrictive. Critical real-time task gets priority
over other tasks and retains the priority until it completes. Soft real-time
systems have limited utility than hard real-time systems.For example,
Multimedia, virtual reality, Advanced Scientific Projects like undersea
exploration and planetary rovers etc.
Question: Define Distributed operating system
in detail?
Answer:
Distributed operating System
Distributed
systems use multiple central processors to serve multiple real time application
and multiple users. Data processing jobs are distributed among the processors
accordingly to which one can perform each job most efficiently.
The
processors communicate with one another through various communication lines
(such as high-speed buses or telephone lines). These are referred as loosely coupled
systems or distributed systems. Processors in a distributed system may vary in
size and function. These processors are referred as sites, nodes, computers and
so on.
The
advantages of distributed systems are following.
·
With resource sharing facility user at one site
may be able to use the resources available at another.
·
Speedup the exchange of data with one another
via electronic mail.
·
If one site fails in a distributed system, the
remaining sites can potentially continue operating.
·
Better service to the customers.
·
Reduction of the load on the host computer.
·
Reduction of delays in data processing.
Question: Write
commonly used operating system and why?
Answer:
Most people use the operating system that comes with their
computer, but it's possible to upgrade or even change operating systems. The
three most common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft
Windows, Apple Mac OS X, and Linux.
Question:
What are the basic components of GUI Windows?
Answer: Graphical
user interface elements are those elements used by graphical user
interfaces (GUIs) to offer a consistent visual language
to represent information stored in computers. These make it easier for people
with few computer skills to work with and use computer software.
Structural
elements
Window
A window is an area on the screen that displays
information, with its contents being displayed independently from the rest of
the screen.
Menus
Menus allow the user to execute commands by
selecting from a list of choices.
Icons
An icon is a
small picture that represents objects such as a file, program, web page, or
command. They are a quick way to execute commands, open documents, and run
programs.
Controls (or widgets)
Interface elements known as graphical
control elements, controls or widgets are software
components that a computer user interacts with through direct
manipulation to read or edit information about an application. Each
widget facilitates a specific user-computer interaction.
Tabs
A tab is typically a rectangular
small box which usually contains a text label or graphical icon associated with
a view pane.
Question: Basic operations of left and right
buttons of mouse?
Answer:
SELECT Button Selects items on pop-up windows, chooses
default menu items, and selects GUI items in the main TCS window.
Right
Button or MENU
MENU Button Displays menus, submenus, and pop-up menus, and
chooses items from menus.
Question: How to create shortcut on desktop
screen of Windows?
Answer:
To
create a shortcut on the desktop to other objects (such as a folder or
computer), follow these steps:
- Use My Computer or Windows Explorer to locate the object to which you want to create a shortcut.
- Right-click the object, and then click Create shortcut.
- Drag the new shortcut to an open area on the desktop.
