Question: What is Computer?
Answer: An electronic device which is capable of receiving
information (data) in a particular form and of performing a sequence of
operations in accordance with a predetermined but variable set of procedural
instructions (program) to produce a result in the form of information or
signals.
Question: Write about Generations of
computer?
Answer: The period of first generation was 1946-1959. The computers
of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and
circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit).
The period of second generation was 1959-1965. In this
generation transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more
compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines
made of vacuum tubes.
The period of third generation was 1965-1971. The computers
of third generation used integrated circuits (IC's) in place of transistors. A
single IC has many transistors, resistors and capacitors along with the
associated circuitry. The IC was invented by Jack Kilby.
The period of fourth generation was 1971-1980. The computers
of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. VLSI
circuits having about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements and their
associated circuits on a single chip made it possible to have microcomputers of
fourth generation.
The period of fifth generation is 1980-till date. In the
fifth generation, the VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale
Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips
having ten million electronic components.
- Robotics
- Neural Networks
- Game Playing
- Development of expert systems to make decisions in real life situations.
- Natural language understanding and generation.
Question: Write about Different
types of Computers?
Answer:
(1)
Micro computers: These computers use a
microprocessor chip and this chip is used instead of CPU means that this
microprocessor chip works as a CPU.
These computers are also called personal computers. Two major types of these computers are laptop or Desktop computers. Only one user uses these computers at time that's why they are also known as personal computers.
(2) Mini Computers: These are powerful computer. These computers come into existence in 1960s at that time mainframe computer was very costly. Mini computers were available in cheap prices, so users start using it.
(3) Mainframe Computer: It as a very powerful and large computer. You can get idea of its power as it can handle processing of many users at a time.
Terminals are used to connect a user to this computer and users submit there task through mainframe. Terminal is a device which has keyboard and a screen. By using terminal users put inputs into the computer and get the output through screen.
(4) Super Computers: As the name "super computer" specifies that these are most powerful computers even than mainframe. Actually, when we optimize a mainframe computer then we get super computer.
(5) Microprocessor: You will find these computers everywhere. Microprocessor chips are used in many devices as I-pod, DVD, headphone etc.
These computers are also called personal computers. Two major types of these computers are laptop or Desktop computers. Only one user uses these computers at time that's why they are also known as personal computers.
(2) Mini Computers: These are powerful computer. These computers come into existence in 1960s at that time mainframe computer was very costly. Mini computers were available in cheap prices, so users start using it.
(3) Mainframe Computer: It as a very powerful and large computer. You can get idea of its power as it can handle processing of many users at a time.
Terminals are used to connect a user to this computer and users submit there task through mainframe. Terminal is a device which has keyboard and a screen. By using terminal users put inputs into the computer and get the output through screen.
(4) Super Computers: As the name "super computer" specifies that these are most powerful computers even than mainframe. Actually, when we optimize a mainframe computer then we get super computer.
(5) Microprocessor: You will find these computers everywhere. Microprocessor chips are used in many devices as I-pod, DVD, headphone etc.
Question:
Write Computer Components of Computers?
Answer: Computer
Components
Computers come in all types and
sizes. There are primarily two main sizes of computers. They are:
- Portable
- Desktop
The portable computer comes in
various sizes and are referred to as laptops, notebooks, and hand-held
computers. These generally denote different sizes, the laptop being the
largest, and the hand-held is the smallest size. This document will mainly talk
about the desktop computer although portable computer issues are also discussed
in various areas.
Computer Components:
Computers are made of the following
basic components:
- Case with hardware inside:
- Power Supply - The power supply comes with the case, but this component is mentioned separately since there are various types of power supplies. The one you should get depends on the requirements of your system. This will be discussed in more detail later
- Motherboard - This is where the core components of your computer reside which are listed below. Also the support cards for video, sound, networking and more are mounted into this board.
- Microprocessor - This is the brain of your computer. It performs commands and instructions and controls the operation of the computer.
- Memory - The RAM in your system is mounted on the motherboard. This is memory that must be powered on to retain its contents.
- Drive controllers - The drive controllers control the interface of your system to your hard drives. The controllers let your hard drives work by controlling their operation. On most systems, they are included on the motherboard, however you may add additional controllers for faster or other types of drives.
- Hard disk drive(s) - This is where your files are permanently stored on your computer. Also, normally, your operating system is installed here.
- CD-ROM drive(s) - This is normally a read only drive where files are permanently stored. There are now read/write CD-ROM drives that use special software to allow users to read from and write to these drives.
- Floppy drive(s) - A floppy is a small disk storage device that today typically has about 1.4 Megabytes of memory capacity.
- Other possible file storage devices include DVD devices, Tape backup devices, and some others.
- Monitor - This device which operates like a TV set lets the user see how the computer is responding to their commands.
- Keyboard - This is where the user enters text commands into the computer.
- Mouse - A point and click interface for entering commands which works well in graphical environments.
Question: What is Computer Language?
Answer: A
binary code represents text or computer processor instructions using the
binary number system's two binary digits, 0 and 1. The binary
code assigns a bit string to each symbol or instruction.
Question: Write software definition and
its types?
Answer:
Computer software or simply software is any set of
machine-readable instructions that directs a computer's
processor to perform specific operations. Computer software is non-tangible,
contrasted with computer hardware, which is the
physical component of computers. Computer hardware and software require each
other and neither can be realistically used without the other.
Types of software
- Application software
- System software
- Malicious software or Malware
Question:
What is Computer Memory, Explain?
Answer:
A memory is just like a human brain.
It is used to store data and instruction. Computer memory is the storage space
in computer where data is to be processed and instructions required for
processing are stored.
The memory is divided into large number of small parts. Each
part is called a cell. Each location or cell has a unique address which varies
from zero to memory size minus one.
For example if computer has 64k words, then this memory unit
has 64 * 1024 = 65536 memory location. The address of these locations varies
from 0 to 65535.
Memory is primarily of two types
1.
Internal Memory
− cache memory and primary/main memory
2.
External
Memory − magnetic disk / optical disk etc.
Internal memory
That temporarily memories data while programs are running.
Internal memory uses micro conductors, i.e. fast specialized electronic
circuits. Internal memory corresponds to what we call random access memory
(RAM).
External/Physical/Auxiliary memory
That stores information over the long term, including after
the computer is turned off. Auxiliary memory corresponds to magnetic storage
devices such as the hard drive, optical storage devices such as CD-ROMs and
DVD-ROMs, as well as read-only memories.
Question: Write
about different types of printers?
Answer:
· Impact printers
An impact printer makes
contact with the paper. It usually forms the print image by pressing an inked
ribbon against the paper using a hammer or pins. Following are some examples of
impact printers.
ü Dot-Matrix Printers
ü Daisy-wheel printers
ü Line printers
ü Drum printer
ü Chain printers
ü Band printers
· Non-impact printers
Non-impact printers do
not use a striking device to produce characters on the paper; and because these
printers do not hammer against the paper they are much quieter. Following are
some non-impacted printers.
